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What a pendulum's period depends on

T = 2π√(L/g) — length and gravity matter, mass doesn't.

Appears onAP Physics 1

The common mistake

Thinking a heavier bob swings slower or faster. For a simple pendulum, mass doesn't appear in the period at all.

Instead: Use T = 2π√(L/g) for small swings. Only the length and g change the period. A mass on a spring is different: T = 2π√(m/k), where mass does matter.

Worked example with Guide me

A pendulum's length is made 4 times longer. What happens to its period?

  1. Sugar · How does T depend on L?
    Student · T is proportional to √L.
  2. Sugar · What's √4?
    Student · 2.
  3. Sugar · So what happens to T?
    Student · It doubles.

Answer: The period doubles. Changing the mass would change nothing.

Try 3 practice questions

  1. 1. The bob's mass is doubled. What happens to the period?

  2. 2. The length is cut to one quarter. What happens to the period?

  3. 3. Does a mass on a spring's period depend on mass?

Quick answers

What is the most common mistake with what a pendulum's period depends on?
Thinking a heavier bob swings slower or faster. For a simple pendulum, mass doesn't appear in the period at all.
How do I get what a pendulum's period depends on right?
Use T = 2π√(L/g) for small swings. Only the length and g change the period. A mass on a spring is different: T = 2π√(m/k), where mass does matter.
Can you show a worked example?
A pendulum's length is made 4 times longer. What happens to its period? The period doubles. Changing the mass would change nothing.

Related concepts

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