Chemistry

Atoms, moles, bonds and balancing reactions.

Balancing chemical equations
Change the big numbers in front, never the small subscripts.
Counting atoms in a formula
A subscript after brackets multiplies everything inside.
Converting grams to moles
moles = mass ÷ molar mass.
Molarity and concentration
Molarity = moles of solute ÷ litres of solution.
Ionic vs covalent bonds
Ionic bonds transfer electrons (metal + non-metal); covalent bonds share them (non-metals).
Periodic table trends
Atoms get smaller across a period and bigger down a group.
Acids, bases and the pH scale
pH below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, above 7 is alkaline.
Identifying types of reactions
Synthesis, decomposition, single and double replacement, combustion.

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